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碳中和 7

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NOx removal by non-thermal plasma reduction: experimental and theoretical investigations

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第10期   页码 1476-1484 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2165-z

摘要： Green and efficient NOx removal at low temperature is still desired. NOx removal via non-thermal plasma (NTP) reduction is one of such technique. This work presents the experimental and theoretical study on the NOx removal via NTP reduction (NTPRD) in dielectric barrier discharge reactor (DBD). The effect of O2 molar fraction on NOx species in the outlet of DBD, and effects of NH3/NO molar ratio and discharge power of DBD on NOx removal efficiency are investigated. Results indicate that anaerobic condition and higher discharge power is beneficial to direct removal of NOx, and the NOx removal efficiency can be up to 98.5% under the optimal operating conditions. It is also found that adding NH3 is favorable for the reduction of NOx to N2 at lower discharge power. In addition, the NOx removal mechanism and energy consumption analysis for the NTPRD process are also studied. It is found that the reduced active species ( N∗, N−, N+, N2∗, NH2+, etc.) generated in the NTPRD process play important roles for the reduction of NOx to N2. Our work paves a novel pathway for NOx removal from anaerobic gas in industrial application.

关键词： ${\rm{NO}}_x $ removal     NTP reduction     mechanism     energy consumption    

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Selective catalytic reduction of NOx from exhaust of lean-burn engine over Ag-Al2O3/cordierite catalyst

LI Junhua, KANG Shoufang, FU Lixin, HAO Jiming

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 143-146 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0025-1

摘要： A highly effective Ag-AlO catalyst was prepared using the sol-gel method, and characterized by surface area using nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The catalyst performance was tested on a real lean-burn gasoline engine. Only unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust were directly used as reductant (without any external reductant), the maximum NO conversion could only reach 40% at 450?C. When an external reductant, ethanol was added, the average NO conversion was greater than 60%. At exhaust gas temperature range of 350 500?C, the maximum NO conversion reached about 90%. CO and HC could be efficiently oxidized with Pt-AO oxidation catalyst placed at the end of SCR converter. However, NO conversion drastically decreased because of the oxidation of some intermediates to NO again. The possible reaction mechanism was proposed as two typical processes, nitration, and reduction in HC-SCR over Ag-AlO.

关键词： lean-burn gasoline     external reductant     nitrogen adsorption     conversion     catalyst performance    

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Study on the NOx release rule along the boiler during pulverized coal combustion

JIN Jing, ZHANG Zhongxiao, LI Ruiyang

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第1期   页码 91-95 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0009-7

摘要： Numerical simulation and experimental study on NO release along the boiler during pulverized coal combustion have been conducted. With the increase of temperature the NO emission increased and the peak value of NO release moved forward. But when the temperature increased to a certain degree, NO emission began to reduce. NO emission increased with the increase of nitrogen content of coal. The peak value of NO release moved backwards with the increase of coal rank. NO emission increased obviously with the increase of stoichiometric ratio. There existed a critical average diameter of the pulverized coal (). If "d, NO emission reduced with the decrease of pulverized coal size. If >, NO emission reduced with the increase of the pulverized coal size. The results showed that the simulation results are in agreement with the experimental results for concentration distribution of NO along the axis of the furnace.
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Reduction potential of the energy penalty for CO capture in CCS

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 390-399 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0864-x

摘要： CO2 capture and storage (CCS) has been acknowledged as an essential part of a portfolio of technologies that are required to achieve cost-effective long-term CO2 mitigation. However, the development progress of CCS technologies is far behind the targets set by roadmaps, and engineering practices do not lead to commercial deployment. One of the crucial reasons for this delay lies in the unaffordable penalty caused by CO2 capture, even though the technology has been commonly recognized as achievable. From the aspects of separation and capture technology innovation, the potential and promising direction for solving this problem were analyzed, and correspondingly, the possible path for deployment of CCS in China was discussed. Under the carbon neutral target recently proposed by the Chinese government, the role of CCS and the key milestones for deployment were indicated.

关键词： CO2 capture and storage (CCS)     CO2 separation     energy penalty    

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我国碳捕集利用与封存技术发展研究

张贤,李阳,马乔,刘玲娜

《中国工程科学》 2021年 第23卷 第6期   页码 70-80 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.06.004

摘要：

碳捕集利用与封存（ CCUS）是实现碳中和目标不可或缺的重要技术选择。为了系统梳理技术发展现状、明确未来发展方向，本文对我国 CCUS 技术水平、示范进展、成本效益、潜力需求等进行了全面评估。我国 CCUS 技术发展迅速，与国际整体发展水平相当，目前处于工业化示范阶段，但部分关键技术落后于国际先进水平。在工业示范方面，我国具备了大规模捕集利用与封存的工程能力，但在项目规模、技术集成、海底封存、工业应用等方面与国际先进水平还存在差距。在减排潜力与需求方面，我国理论封存容量和行业减排需求极大，考虑源汇匹配之后不同地区陆上封存潜力差异较大。在成本效益方面，尽管当前 CCUS 技术成本较高，但未来可有效降低实现碳中和目标的整体减排成本。为此建议，加快构建 CCUS 技术体系，推进全链条集成示范，加快管网布局和基础设施建设，完善财税激励政策和法律法规体系。

关键词： 碳中和，CCUS，技术研发与示范，减排潜力，成本与效益    

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Preparation and lithium storage performances of g-C

Zhengxu BIAN, Zehua TANG, Jinfeng XIE, Junhao ZHANG, Xingmei GUO, Yuanjun LIU, Aihua YUAN, Feng ZHANG, Qinghong KONG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 759-766 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0810-0

摘要： As the anode material of lithium-ion battery, silicon-based materials have a high theoretical capacity, but their volume changes greatly in the charging and discharging process. To ameliorate the volume expansion issue of silicon-based anode materials, g-C N /Si nanocomposites are prepared by using the magnesium thermal reduction technique. It is well known that g-C N /Si nanocomposites can not only improve the electronic transmission ability, but also ameliorate the physical properties of the material for adapting the stress and strain caused by the volume expansion of silicon in the lithiation and delithiation process. When g-C N /Si electrode is evaluated, the initial discharge capacity of g-C N /Si nanocomposites is as high as 1033.3 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g, and its reversible capacity is maintained at 548 mAh/g after 400 cycles. Meanwhile, the improved rate capability is achieved with a relatively high reversible specific capacity of 218 mAh/g at 2.0 A/g. The superior lithium storage performances benefit from the unique g-C N /Si nanostructure, which improves electroconductivity, reduces volume expansion, and accelerates lithium-ion transmission compared to pure silicon.

关键词： magnesium thermal reduction     g-C3N4/Si nanocomposites     volume expansion     electroconductivity     lithium-ion battery    

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Preparation of ceria-zirconia solid solution with enhanced oxygen storage capacity and redox performance

Lijing MENG, Licheng LIU, Xuehong ZI, Hongxing DAI, Hong HE, Zhen ZHAO, Xinping WANG,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 164-171 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0019-2

摘要： A new method called ultrasonic-assisted membrane reaction (UAMR) was reported for the fabrication of ceria-zirconia solid solution. A series of ceria-zirconia solid solutions with different Ce/Zr molar ratios were prepared by the UAMR method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N adsorption, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H-TPR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The UAMR method proved to be superior, especially when the Ce/Zr molar ratio was lower than 1, in fabricating ceria-zirconia solid solutions with large BET surface area, high oxygen storage capacity (OSC), and low reduction temperature.

关键词： membrane reaction     ceria-zirconia     Ce/Zr molar ratio     solid solution     hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR)    

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Energy storage resources management: Planning, operation, and business model

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 373-391 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0194-4

摘要： With the acceleration of supply-side renewable energy penetration rate and the increasingly diversified and complex demand-side loads, how to maintain the stable, reliable, and efficient operation of the power system has become a challenging issue requiring investigation. One of the feasible solutions is deploying the energy storage system (ESS) to integrate with the energy system to stabilize it. However, considering the costs and the input/output characteristics of ESS, both the initial configuration process and the actual operation process require efficient management. This study presents a comprehensive review of managing ESS from the perspectives of planning, operation, and business model. First of all, in terms of planning and configuration, it is investigated from capacity planning, location planning, as well as capacity and location combined planning. This process is generally the first step in deploying ESS. Then, it explores operation management of ESS from the perspectives of state assessment and operation optimization. The so-called state assessment refers to the assessment of three aspects: The state of charge (SOC), the state of health (SOH), and the remaining useful life (RUL). The operation optimization includes ESS operation strategy optimization and joint operation optimization. Finally, it discusses the business models of ESS. Traditional business models involve ancillary services and load transfer, while emerging business models include electric vehicle (EV) as energy storage and shared energy storage.

关键词： energy storage system     energy storage resources management     planning configuration     operational management     business model    

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Effects of Pd doping on N

Mingxin Dong, Jun Wang, Jinxin Zhu, Jianqiang Wang, Wulin Wang, Meiqing Shen

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0976-9

摘要： N O is a powerful greenhouse gas and plays an important role in destructing the ozone layer. This present work investigated the effects of Pd doping on N O formation over Pt/BaO/Al O catalyst. Three types of catalysts, Pt/BaO/Al O , Pt/Pd mechanical mixing catalyst (Pt/BaO/Al O +Pd/Al O ) and Pt-Pd co-impregnation catalyst (Pt-Pd/BaO/Al O ) were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method. These catalysts were first evaluated in NSR activity tests using H /CO as reductants and then carefully characterized by BET, CO chemisorption, CO-DRIFTs and H -TPR techniques. In addition, temperature programmed reactions of NO with H /CO were conducted to obtain further information about N O formation mechanism. Compared with Pt/BaO/Al O , (Pt/BaO/Al O +Pd/Al O ) produced less N O and more NH during NO storage and reduction process, while an opposite trend was found over (Pt-Pd/BaO/Al O +Al O ). Temperature programmed reactions of NO with H /CO results showed that Pd/Al O component in (Pt/BaO/Al O +Pd/Al O ) played an important role in NO reduction to NH , and the formed NH could reduce NO to N leading to a decrease in N O formation. Most of N O formed over (Pt-Pd/BaO/Al O +Al O ) was originated from Pd/BaO/Al O component. H -TPR results indicated Pd-Ba interaction resulted in more difficult-to-reduce PdO species over Pd/BaO/Al O , which inhibits the NO dissociation and thus drives the selectivity to N O in NO reduction.

关键词： NOx storage reduction     Pt/BaO/Al2O3     Pd doping     N2O formation     Optimization    

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Encapsulation of polyethylene glycol in cellulose-based porous capsules for latent heat storage and light-to-thermal

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期   页码 1038-1050 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2279-3

摘要： Phase change materials are potential candidates for the application of latent heat storage. Herein, we fabricated porous capsules as shape-stable materials from cellulose-based polyelectrolyte complex, which were first prepared using cellulose 6-(N-pyridinium)hexanoyl ester as the cationic polyelectrolyte and carboxymethyl cellulose as the anionic polyelectrolyte to encapsulate polyethylene glycol by the vacuum impregnation method. Furthermore, the multi-walled carbon nanotube or graphene oxide, which were separately composited into the polyelectrolytes complex capsules to enhance thermal conductivity and light-to-thermal conversion efficiency. These capsules owned a typical core–shell structure, with an extremely high polyethylene glycol loading up to 34.33 g∙g‒1. After loading of polyethylene glycol, the resulted cellulose-based composite phase change materials exhibited high thermal energy storage ability with the latent heat up to 142.2 J∙g‒1, which was 98.5% of pure polyethylene glycol. Further results showed that the composite phase change materials demonstrated good form-stable property and thermal stability. Moreover, studies involving light-to-thermal conversion determined that composite phase change materials exhibited outstanding light-to-thermal conversion performance. Considering their exceptional comprehensive features, innovative composite phase change materials generated from cellulose presented a highly interesting choice for thermal management and renewable thermal energy storage.

关键词： cellulose     polyelectrolytes     phase change materials     thermal energy storage     light-to-thermal conversion    

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Can energy storage make off-grid photovoltaic hydrogen production system more economical?

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 672-694 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0245-x

摘要： Under the ambitious goal of carbon neutralization, photovoltaic (PV)-driven electrolytic hydrogen (PVEH) production is emerging as a promising approach to reduce carbon emission. Considering the intermittence and variability of PV power generation, the deployment of battery energy storage can smoothen the power output. However, the investment cost of battery energy storage is pertinent to non-negligible expenses. Thus, the installation of energy-storage equipment in a PVEH system is a complex trade-off problem. The primary goals of this study are to compare the engineering economics of PVEH systems with and without energy storage, and to explore time nodes when the cost of the former scenario can compete with the latter by factoring the technology learning curve. The levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) is a widely used economic indicator. Represented by seven areas in seven regions of China, results show that the LCOH with and without energy storage is approximately 22.23 and 20.59 yuan/kg in 2020, respectively. In addition, as technology costs drop, the LCOH of a PVEH system with energy storage will be less than that without energy storage in 2030.

关键词： hydrogen     off-grid photovoltaic     energy storage     LCOH     engineering economics    

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Analysis of flow and heat transfer characteristics of porous heat-storage wall in greenhouse

OUYANG Li, LIU Wei

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 406-409 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0094-2

摘要： The flow and heat transfer characteristics of porous heat-storage wall in greenhouse are studied by using the one-dimensional steady energy two-equation model for saturated porous medium. The results show that the heat exchange between the air and the solid matrix of the porous heat-storage wall depends upon the inlet air velocity, the porosity and the permeability of porous medium, and the thermal conductivity of the solid matrix. Because the incidence of solar radiation on the porous heat-storage wall is not uniform, the new composite porous solar wall with different porosity is proposed to reduce the disadvantageous effect.

关键词： incidence     thermal conductivity     heat-storage     exchange     composite    

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Machine perfusion versus cold storage of livers: a meta-analysis

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 451-464 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0474-7

摘要：

Different organ preservation methods are key factors influencing the results of liver transplantation. In this study, the outcomes of experimental models receiving donation after cardiac death (DCD) livers preserved through machine perfusion (MP) or static cold storage (CS) were compared by conducting a meta-analysis. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to compare pooled data from two animal species. Twenty-four studies involving MP preservation were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with CS preservation, MP can reduce the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and hyaluronic acid (HA) and the changes in liver weight. By contrast, MP can enhance bile production and portal vein flow (PVF). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and histological changes significantly differed between the two preservation methods. In conclusion, MP of DCD livers is superior to CS in experimental animals.

关键词： machine perfusion     cold storage     DCD     meta-analysis    

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Experimental study and assessment of thermal energy storage mortar with paraffin/recycled brick powder

Luchen HAO; Jianzhuang XIAO; Wanzhi CAO; Jingting SUN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第10期   页码 1301-1314 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0883-4

摘要： Thermal energy storage recycled powder mortar (TESRM) was developed in this study by incorporating paraffin/recycled brick powder (paraffin/BP) composite phase change materials (PCM). Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric analysis results showed that paraffin/BP composite PCM had good chemical and thermal stability. The onset melting temperature and latent heat of the composite PCM were 46.49 °C and 30.1 J·g−1. The fresh mortar properties and hardened properties were also investigated in this study. Paraffin/BP composite PCM with replacement ratio of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight of cement were studied. The results showed that the static and dynamic yield stresses of TESRM were 699.4% and 172.9% higher than those of normal mortar, respectively. The addition of paraffin/BP composite PCM had a positive impact on the mechanical properties of mortar at later ages, and could also reduce the dry shrinkage of mortar. The dry shrinkage of TESRM had a maximum reduction about 26.15% at 120 d. The thermal properties of TESRM were better than those of normal mortar. The thermal conductivity of TESRM was 36.3% less than that of normal mortar and the heating test results showed that TESRM had good thermal energy storage performance.

关键词： recycled powder mortar     recycled brick powder     thermal energy storage     paraffin     phase change material    

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China’s policy framework for carbon capture, utilization and storage: Review, analysis, and outlook

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 400-411 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0862-z

摘要： Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is estimated to contribute substantial CO2 emission reduction to carbon neutrality in China. There is yet a large gap between such enormous demand and the current capacity, and thus a sound enabling environment with sufficient policy support is imperative for CCUS development. This study reviewed 59 CCUS-related policy documents issued by the Chinese government as of July 2022, and found that a supporting policy framework for CCUS is taking embryonic form in China. More than ten departments of the central government have involved CCUS in their policies, of which the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), and the Ministry of Ecological Environment (MEE) have given the greatest attention with different focuses. Specific policy terms are further analyzed following the method of content analysis and categorized into supply-, environment- and demand-type policies. The results indicate that supply-type policies are unbalanced in policy objectives, as policy terms on technology research and demonstration greatly outnumber those on other objectives, and the attention to weak links and industrial sectors is far from sufficient. Environment-type policies, especially legislations, standards, and incentives, are inadequate in pertinence and operability. Demand-type policies are absent in the current policy system but is essential to drive the demand for the CCUS technology in domestic and foreign markets. To meet the reduction demand of China’s carbon neutral goal, policies need to be tailored according to needs of each specific technology and implemented in an orderly manner with well-balanced use on multiple objectives.

关键词： carbon capture     utilization     and storage (CCUS)     policy     content analysis     China    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

NOx removal by non-thermal plasma reduction: experimental and theoretical investigations

期刊论文

Selective catalytic reduction of NOx from exhaust of lean-burn engine over Ag-Al2O3/cordierite catalyst

LI Junhua, KANG Shoufang, FU Lixin, HAO Jiming

期刊论文

Study on the NOx release rule along the boiler during pulverized coal combustion

JIN Jing, ZHANG Zhongxiao, LI Ruiyang

期刊论文

Reduction potential of the energy penalty for CO capture in CCS

期刊论文

我国碳捕集利用与封存技术发展研究

张贤,李阳,马乔,刘玲娜

期刊论文

Preparation and lithium storage performances of g-C

Zhengxu BIAN, Zehua TANG, Jinfeng XIE, Junhao ZHANG, Xingmei GUO, Yuanjun LIU, Aihua YUAN, Feng ZHANG, Qinghong KONG

期刊论文

Preparation of ceria-zirconia solid solution with enhanced oxygen storage capacity and redox performance

Lijing MENG, Licheng LIU, Xuehong ZI, Hongxing DAI, Hong HE, Zhen ZHAO, Xinping WANG,

期刊论文

Energy storage resources management: Planning, operation, and business model

期刊论文

Effects of Pd doping on N

Mingxin Dong, Jun Wang, Jinxin Zhu, Jianqiang Wang, Wulin Wang, Meiqing Shen

期刊论文

Encapsulation of polyethylene glycol in cellulose-based porous capsules for latent heat storage and light-to-thermal

期刊论文

Can energy storage make off-grid photovoltaic hydrogen production system more economical?

期刊论文

Analysis of flow and heat transfer characteristics of porous heat-storage wall in greenhouse

OUYANG Li, LIU Wei

期刊论文

Machine perfusion versus cold storage of livers: a meta-analysis

null

期刊论文

Experimental study and assessment of thermal energy storage mortar with paraffin/recycled brick powder

Luchen HAO; Jianzhuang XIAO; Wanzhi CAO; Jingting SUN

期刊论文

China’s policy framework for carbon capture, utilization and storage: Review, analysis, and outlook

期刊论文